一、考情分析

二、高頻考點(diǎn)

重要考點(diǎn)1 冠詞

1.不定冠詞用法：

指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind of (A plane is a machine that can fly.);表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every/one;用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事;用于quite/rather/many/half/what/such之后;用于so (as, too, how) + 形容詞之后。

注意：a和an的用法區(qū)別，“以元音字母(音節(jié))開(kāi)頭的用an”。

2.定冠詞用法：

表示某一類人或物(The horse is a useful animal.);用于樂(lè)器前面;表示“一家人”或“夫婦”;用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前。

3.零冠詞用法：

名詞前有this/my/whose/some/no/each/every等限制;季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前;學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言、球類、棋類名詞前;與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前。

重要考點(diǎn)2 詞匯辨析

achieve“(憑長(zhǎng)期努力)達(dá)到(某目標(biāo)、地位、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，完成，成功”，approach“接近”，attain“(通常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得，達(dá)到”，acquire“學(xué)到，取到”;

award“獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金”，reward“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、回報(bào)、懸賞金”，allowance“津貼、補(bǔ)貼”，prize“獎(jiǎng)、獎(jiǎng)品、難能可貴的事物”;

at times“有時(shí)”，to the minute“恰好，一分不差”，day by day“一天天”，around the clock“晝夜不停地”;

other than“除了……以外，不同于，不(常用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中)”，rather than“而不是……”，or rather“更確切地說(shuō)”，or else“否則，要不然”。

重要考點(diǎn)3 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She is leaving for Beijing.

2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，描繪更加生動(dòng)。The Yangtze River is flowing into the east.

3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)。

— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

— I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.

4.下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：

The window wants/needs/requires repairing.

The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut.

The play won’t act. The book sells well.

The dish tastes delicious. Water feels very cold.

重要考點(diǎn)4 主謂一致的常見(jiàn)用法

重要考點(diǎn)5 同位語(yǔ)從句

1.一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容

I heard the news that our team had won.

I had no idea that you were here.

2.常見(jiàn)的可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的詞(抽象名詞)

news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word (消息), possibility等。如：

I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

3.常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞

連詞that, whether

連接副詞how, when, where等。(注：if, which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。)如：

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。如：

Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.

4.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

(1)同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，解釋說(shuō)明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容;屬于名詞性從句范疇。定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，限定前面名詞范圍，屬于形容詞性從句范疇。

The news that l have passed the exam is true.

The news that he told me just now is true.

(2)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除了起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。如：

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

The idea that he gave surprises many people.

重要考點(diǎn)6 狀語(yǔ)從句

1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2.目的狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

3.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as (用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝), while (一般用在句首), no matter…, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

重要考點(diǎn)7 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)

重要考點(diǎn)8 說(shuō)明型議論文的寫作格式

說(shuō)明型議論文是將議論和說(shuō)明結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行闡述的一種議論文體，要求就某一問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象，正面闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，并分析說(shuō)明其理由，通常要用例證對(duì)其重要性、必要性、利弊關(guān)系或正誤關(guān)系等進(jìn)行論證說(shuō)明，有時(shí)還需要提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法或建議。在寫說(shuō)明文的時(shí)候，一定要注意安排好段落層次，采用一定的邏輯順序，使文章清晰、有條理。在題目中通常以“How to…?”這樣的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)。

1.文章布局

第一段 提出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)

第二段 分類介紹，有邏輯有條理地分析

第三段 做出總結(jié)

2.常用結(jié)構(gòu)詞

(1)首先：first and foremost/in the first place/firstly/what comes first should be/first of all

(2)其次：secondly/in addition/moreover/meanwhile/furthermore/in the mean time/what comes next is no less important than/of equal importance

(3)再次：thirdly, fourthly…

(4)最后：at last/last but not least/in the final/ultimately/consequently/……is also worth our attention

(5)一方……另一方面……

for one thing ..., for another...

on one hand ..., on the other hand...

one side of the coin shows…, while the other side implies…

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